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Introduction to 555 timer
What is 555 TIMER?
Today, we're going to explore the digital electronics application called timers or multi-vibrator timers, which are circuits that give precise periodic signals to digital circuits. In general, the multi-vibrator is a two-stage amplifier with one or more amplifiers. The 555 Timer is a widely used IC des
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How a Hydroelectric Plant Works: A Brief History and basic Hydropower Dynamics
In order to operate machinery, humans have long used the energy of water. Hydropower remains an important source of electricity around the globe to this day. Modern hydroelectric plants rely on a variety of measurement instruments to track level, flow, pressure
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Energy Consumption Concept (KWH)
What is a KWH?
A kilowatt hour (kWh) is a measure of how much energy you are using. It does not mean the number of kilowatts you are using per hour. It is simply a unit of measurement that equals the amount of energy you would use if you kept a 1,000-watt appliance running for an hour. So, if you switched on a 100
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Different Techniques to Lower the Electricity Bill in Winters
We sense a difference in the seasons. It creeps on us as the leaves change colour and we consider that extra layer as we prepare our day's action. In October, a sudden cold snap in Islamabad and before we know it, we might be halfway through the winter before we consider
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Optocoupler Construction and Operating Principle
What is optocoupler?
An opto-isolator or opto-coupler is a system that transmits electrical signals by light energy between two electrically separated circuits. Opto-isolators prohibit high voltages in one portion of the circuit from impacting or destroying other parts of the loop.
&
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Active, Reactive and Apparent Power
Many practical circuits involve a mixture of resistive, inductive and capacitive materials. These elements induce the phase change between electrical supply parameters, such as voltage and current. Due to the behavior of voltage and currents, especially when subjected to these components, power quantity
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Filter Driers
What is a filter drier?
Filter-driers are a key component in any refrigeration or air conditioning system for the filtering purposes. A filter-drier in a refrigeration or air conditioning system has two essential functions: one, to adsorb system contaminants, such as water, which can create acids, and two, to provide physical
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Microcontrollers
What is a microcontroller?
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip. They are essentially simple miniature personal computers (PCs) desig
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PCB MANUFACTURING
Printed Wiring Board
The PCB physically supports and electrically links electrical or electronic components using conductive paths, pads and other features etched from one or more layers of copper laminated on and/or between sheet layers of non-conductive substrate.
Net List
It is a simple
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How does a Car Alternator work?
What is an alternator?
An alternator is a generator of electric power in a car and is a major component of the vehicle's charging system.
All cars with an internal combustion engine except for some hybrids have an alternator.
When an engine is running, the alternator charges the battery and supplies
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